School is not just about learning facts. It is about broadening students’ minds, giving them the skills and confidence they need to pursue their interests and become capable, independent and well-rounded adults. Special needs classes have a responsibility to nurture students’ potential so they can achieve and even go beyond their goals.
The ability of special needs classes to do this is determined by how they provide individualized, evidence-based support that works with the child and their existing strengths and skills to encourage their success.
Individualization
Two children with disabilities may have the same diagnosis, but that does not mean they have the same support needs. Special education classes focus on small class sizes and individual education plans (IEPs) to ensure that the pace, structure and content of lessons can be adjusted to suit the specific strengths and weaknesses of each child. Existing skills can be identified, as well as areas for improvement, realistic goals can be set and progress monitored, with everything tailored to the needs and circumstances of the individual. This is not just about focusing on the challenges that children with disabilities face, but ensuring their strengths and interests can be celebrated.
Core skills
Lessons may include foundational skills such as literacy and numeracy. Both are important in daily life, as well as in further education or employment. However, schools will also focus on the non-academic skills that are essential to helping someone live more independently. People with disabilities may have various life goals. They might want their own home where they handle or help with chores like cooking and cleaning. They might want meaningful friendships or romantic relationships. They might want to pursue a career.
To achieve these goals, they’ll need several key skills. These include communication skills, social skills, and organizational abilities. Time management is also important, as is understanding how to be part of a community.
All of these skills can be built through a combination of classroom learning and practical exercises. Special needs programs often provide not just formal lessons, but also after-school activities and social events. These allow children to test their skills in new ways and identify new areas of interest. Later, programs may also partner with local businesses and organizations to organize work experience opportunities.
Self-confidence
When a child is adequately supported, allowed to embrace their own strengths and interests, and helped to develop the skills they need, it will also build their self-confidence. They will be more willing to try new things and will have the foundations they need to adapt to unfamiliar challenges. When necessary, they will be able to advocate for themselves while dealing with people and systems that may not have the same understanding of disability, such as by requesting accommodations or applying for support.
Technology
Assistive technology has proven an invaluable way to enable more children with disabilities to communicate and to help with organizational skills. Technology also provides a way for teachers to monitor progress so they can continue to adjust their approach as necessary. Many classes will ensure all students are provided with a tablet or laptop, complete with specialist software such as speech-to-text, to improve accessibility and give them the best chance of success.
Conclusion
Students with disabilities may face additional challenges compared to students in the wider population, but special needs classes should be able to provide the individualized support that allows them to embrace their strengths and interests as well as develop the skills they will need to unlock their full potential.